Презентация по английскому языку на тему космос. Презентация на английском языке "междунаролные полеты в космос". How and where to colonize space - как и где заселять космос

Космос всегда притягивал человека своей непостижимостью, загадочностью и труднодоступностью. Знания о нем накапливались сотнями, если не тысячами лет, и только в 20 веке ученые совершили значительный прорыв в области изучения и освоения космоса. Сегодня человечество всерьез задумывается о жизни за пределами нашей планеты, и мы подумали, что видео по соответствующей тематике будет для вас интересным и полезным.

Из видео вы узнаете о возможности колонизации других планет и создания отдельных поселений вне территории Земли, сможете потренироваться в аудировании, а также пополните свой словарный запас.

Данный материал рассчитан на изучающих английский с уровнем и выше.

Для начала прочитайте инструкцию о том, как пользоваться этой статьей, чтобы она принесла наибольший эффект.

How and where to colonize space - как и где заселять космос

Текст	Словосочетания
Hi! I’m Joe Strout. I have two boys, 10 and 14 years old, and three of us have been working for the last year or so on a video game about space settlement . But it’s not just a game. In fact, it’s the most detailed and accurate space colony simulation program that has ever been made.	а space settlement - космическое поселение detailed - подробный accurate - точный, доскональный а space colony - космическая колония, поселение а simulation program - программа имитационного моделирования
We simulate everything from gravity, radiation, and rotational dynamics down to individual buildings and traffic paths for the people inside. All this is quite a lot of work as you can imagine. But we feel it’s important. For my part, I’d say it’s the most important project I’ve ever worked on. I’d like to share with you some of the big ideas behind it and why it matters so much.	a traffic path - полоса уличного движения it matters - это имеет значение, это важно
In the early days of space exploration things proceeded very rapidly . Twelve years from Sputnik to the first Moon landing . People assumed this pace of change would continue and we would soon be moving into space in large numbers. So researchers looked carefully whether the best site for a growing society is Earth, the Moon, Mars, some other planet or somewhere else entirely .	space exploration - освоение космоса to proceed - происходить, развиваться, разворачиваться rapidly - быстро, стремительно Moon landing - высадка на Луну to assume - допускать, предполагать pace - темп, скорость a researcher - исследователь а site - место, площадка somewhere else entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəlɪ/ - в совершенно другом месте
Surprisingly, they found the answer to be inescapable : the best site is somewhere else entirely. Researchers concluded that the best place for humanity to live in space isn’t on the surface of any planet or Moon, but rather in free-floating orbital space colonies. Numerous papers were written and studies were done working out the details. This was just before the Space Shuttle, which was expected to dramatically lower the cost to orbit . The cost analysis showed that we could have orbital cities of tens of thousands of people, perhaps by 1995 or so.	inescapable - неизбежный, неотвратимый to conclude - сделать вывод humanity - человечество on the surface - на поверхности numerous - многочисленный to work out - вычислять, прорабатывать, разбираться dramatically lower the cost - значительно снизить стоимость an orbit - орбита tens of thousands - десятки тысяч
Well, obviously that didn’t happen. The Shuttle program turned out to be quite a bit more expensive than expected, and funding for the space program was reduced . Also the energy crisis of the 1970s temporarily abated , reducing the need to look for clean, cheap energy sources such as space-based solar power . So we retreated to low Earth orbit going around in circles for more than three decades .	obviously - очевидно to turn out - выясняться, оказываться funding - финансирование to be reduced - быть сокращенным, уменьшенным to abate temporarily - временно снизиться, уменьшиться; пойти на спад an energy source - источник энергии space-based solar power - космическая солнечная электростанция to retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ - отказываться, отступать a decade - десятилетие
But now things are changing again. Private enterprises are entering the space business in an aggressive way with ventures like SpaceX reducing the cost to orbit down to the sort of levels we were expecting in the 70s. Virgin Galactic is preparing to make routine passenger flights to the edge of space. Bigelow Aerospace has tested private inflatable space stations, and several companies are now seriously proposing to mine near-Earth asteroids. So, amidst all this renewed activity, people are starting to think again about colonizing space.	a private enterprise - частное предприятие а venture - авантюра, рискованное предприятие или начинание an edge - край inflatable - надувной to propose - предлагать to mine - взрывать amidst - в условиях, среди
But what destinations do people think about? The top of the list is, as always, Mars. Mars holds fascination for us, and it has been a target of colonization dreams since the early days of space exploration.	a destination - место назначения fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃn/ - притягательность, пленительность a target - цель since /sɪns/ - с того момента, как
Next up is the Moon, which has the unique advantage of being only a few days away all the time. A few thinkers have considered Venus, which might support floating cities at just the right level in the atmosphere to have Earth-like temperatures and pressures . And then, so far down on the list, that most people don’t even give it any thought , orbital space colonies. So let’s talk about those. How do they work? And should we be giving them more attention?	a few - немного, несколько to consider - рассматривать, учитывать a floating city - плавучий (парящий) город pressure - давление to give some (any) thought - всерьез задуматься
First, let’s look at gravity . We know that one Earth’s gravity, like what we’re all sitting in right now, is good for us. And we know from years of living aboard space stations that zero gravity is not healthy for us. It causes bones and muscles to weaken , immune deficiency , heart problems, and increased risk of things like kidney stones .	gravity - гравитация, притяжение aboard - на борту to cause - вызывать, быть причиной to weaken - ослаблять immune deficiency - иммунодефицит an increased risk - повышенный риск a kidney stone - камень в почках
But what do we know about intermediate levels of gravity, like the 1/3 G on Mars, or the 1/6 G on the Moon? Well, here is what we know: nothing. Nobody has ever lived at any intermediate level of gravity for more than a few days, so we just don’t know the effects of these G levels, even on adults . Much less children, who are likely to be more susceptible to developmental problems .	intermediate - промежуточный, средний an adult - взрослый susceptible /səˈseptəbl/ - восприимчивый, чувствительный a developmental problem - проблема, связанная с развитием
This is a big problem for planetary colonies, because you can’t get Earth-like gravity anywhere except Earth and possibly Venus. But without children you don’t have a colony, you have at best an outpost .	except - кроме possibly - возможно at best - в лучшем случае an outpost - отдаленное поселение, представительство, застава
Orbital space colonies produce pseudo gravity through rotation , just like amusement park rides some of you may have tried. The larger the radius of rotation is, the slower it can spin and still produce an Earth-like gravity. A one-kilometer colony, for example, only needs to spin 1.3 times each minute to produce one Earth’s gravity.	pseudo /ˈsjuːdəʊ/ - псевдо rotation - вращение an amusement park ride - аттракцион в парке развлечений to spin - крутиться, вращаться each - каждый
Of course, if we discover that less gravity is acceptable , then we can either build smaller or spin slower. In fact, one cool thing about an orbital colony is that you can have multiple , different levels of gravity at the same time. Higher decks , closer to the spin axes have proportionally less gravity. So maybe if we’ll find that elderly or injured patients are safer at 1/2 G, they can just stay on a higher deck.	to discover - обнаруживать acceptable - допустимый either ... or... - или... или... multiple - многочисленный a deck - палуба, площадка a spin axe - ось вращения the elderly - пожилые an injured patient - травмированный/раненный пациент
And in the center, you can have zero gravity sports and recreation , and still be at home in time for dinner.	recreation - отдых, развлечение
OK, let’s talk about radiation. Free space is filled with radiation from the Sun, and much harder radiation in the form of cosmic rays which stream in from all directions . Here on Earth we’re protected largely by the Earth’s magnetic field , and secondarily by the tons of air above our heads. Mars, Venus and the Moon have no significant magnetic fields. And apart from Venus, not much atmosphere either. So every time you step outside there, you’re dosing yourself with radiation. You’d have to stay underground most of the time to avoid problems like cataracts, cancer and infertility .	free space - свободное пространство be filled with - быть наполненным чем-либо a cosmic ray - космическое излучение, луч to stream in - вливаться a direction - направление a magnetic field - магнитное поле significant - значимый, важный to step outside - выходить to avoid - избегать cancer - рак (болезнь) infertility - бесплодие
Orbital space colonies are built outside-in . We’re going to need a few meters of soil beneath our feet anyway to support a robust biosphere. And that alone provides substantial shielding against space radiation.	outside-in - наизнанку soil beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ our feet - почва у нас под ногами robust - крепкий, прочный substantial shielding /ˈʃiːldɪŋ/ - усиленная защита
In fact, a colony in a low Earth orbit would have less radiation inside than we experience here on Earth. Outside of Earth’s magnetic field some additional shielding might be necessary, but it’s still nicer to have that beneath your feet than over your head.	to experience - ощущать, испытывать
I’m going to touch only briefly upon the day/night cycle. Obviously, we evolved with the 24-hour day. The Martian day is very similar: 24.6 hours, and this may be a part of our fascination with Mars. A space colony would have exactly the day length that you want, most likely, matching Earth’s. Daylight would either be sunlight, reflected into the habitat through shield mirrors, or artificial lighting, but so far overhead that it produces an outdoorsy daytime feel .	to touch upon - затрагивать, упоминать to evolve - развиваться matching - совпадающий daylight - дневной свет reflected - отражаемый a habitat - среда обитания, место проживания an outdoorsy daytime feel - ощущение пребывания на улице в дневное время
So you can probably tell by now that I see a lot of advantages to orbital colonies. As soon as you let go of the assumption that we need a planetary surface to live on, you quickly come to the conclusion that orbital space colonies are the best place to be. In short, we can do better than Mars.	as soon as - как только to let go - отпустить an assumption - предположение to come to the conclusion - прийти к выводу
This is why my sons and I are building our game which we called “High Frontier ”. We have built it to be as accurate as possible: the physics, radiation levels, ecology and everything else is based on real science . So players of the game aren’t just playing, they’re exploring the vast design space and finding solutions that might actually work.	a frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə/ - граница, рубеж to be based on - быть основанным на science - наука vast - обширный a solution - решение, выход из ситуации
At the very least , they’re learning about an alternative to planetary colonies. And we hope that someday some of those smart, educated players might help to make it actually happen. When it does, it might unfold something like this. The little green dots you see here represent orbital space colonies. Each one is home to anywhere from 10 thousand to 10 million men, women and children.	at the very least - как минимум to unfold - разворачиваться, происходить a dot - точка to represent - представлять
А recent work based in part upon “High Frontier” has shown its best to begin in low Earth orbit, within the Earth’s magnetic field. But we’ll expand from there to higher Earth orbits, and then orbits near the Moon. After that, colonies around Mars might make sense with its two moons providing materials.	recent - недавний, крайний within - в рамках to expand - расширять to make sense - иметь смысл
From there we’ll expand into the Asteroid Belt with an estimated billion or so objects, at least 100 meters in diameter, which may not sound like much, but a 100-meter asteroid weighs about 10 million metric tons. In fact, experts estimate that there is enough material in the main Asteroid Belt alone to build space colonies with the combined area of 3000 times the livable land area of Earth.	the Asteroid Belt - пояс астероидов estimated - установленный a billion - миллиард to weigh - весить enough - достаточно a livable land area - территория суши, пригодная для жизни
And then there are more asteroids in Jupiter’s orbit, and of course the Jovian System itself which has dozens of minor moons and rings massing about 10 billion tons.	the Jovian System - Юпитерианская (кольцевая) система a dozen /dʌzn/ - дюжина minor /ˈmaɪnə/ - меньший, второстепенный massing - с массой
After that we’ll move to the Saturn System which has similar resources. Just think of the view you would have out of the windows there!	to move - (про)двигаться a view - вид
And then onward to Uranus and Neptun. And then the Kuiper Belt , with an estimated 70 thousand dwarf planets out in the cold and dark.	onward - далее, вперед the Kuiper Belt - пояс Койпера a dwarf planet - карликовая планета
The Solar System is vastly larger and richer than most people realize . It’s full of exactly the materials and energy that we need. And remember, unlike past human migrations, there are no ecosystems here, no natives that will be displaced ; these are sterile chunks of ice and rock just waiting for us to bring warmth, and light, and life.	the Solar System - Солнечная система to realize - осознавать, понимать a native - местный житель to be displaced - смещать, быть перемещенным a chunk of rock - кусок камня
This greening of the Solar System, turning dead chunks of rock into millions of inside out worlds full of trees, and birds, and bugs , and people. This is the bright future I see for us. And it all starts here: smart, enthusiastic kids are playing a video game where they get to decide how and where to build space colonies, how to run them when they are built, how to balance the ecosystem, manage resources and budgets, and educate each generation . That’s why we’re building “High Frontier” and that’s why it’s not just a game.	greening - озеленение, экологизация inside out - вывернутый наизнанку а bug - жук enthusiastic - увлеченный, мотивированный to run - управлять а generation - поколение

Минута грамматики

Как вы наверняка заметили, в видео представлены различные грамматические времена, мы подробнее остановимся на временах группы Perfect: Present Perfect и Present Perfect Continuous.

Начнем с того, что в этих временах мы используем вспомогательный глагол have/has. Для времени Present Perfect в качестве основного глагола мы берем 3 форму (Past Participle), если он неправильный (irregular), а к правильному глаголу (regular) добавляем окончание -ed.

We have built it to be as accurate as possible. - Мы разработали ее, чтобы она (игра) была максимально точной.
Bigelow Aerospace has tested private inflatable space stations. - Компания Bigelow Aerospace провела тестирование частных надувных орбитальных станций.

Мы используем Present Perfect для указания уже произошедшего, завершенного действия, результат которого имеет значение или последствия в настоящем.

А recent work based in part upon “High Frontier” has shown its best to begin in low Earth orbit. - Недавняя работа, частично основанная на игре High Frontier, показала , что лучше всего начать на низкой околоземной орбите.
Nobody has ever lived at any intermediate level of gravity for more than a few days. - Никто никогда не жил при среднем уровне гравитации больше чем несколько дней.

Обратите внимание на слова recent (недавний) и ever (когда-либо). Они указывают на актуальность и результативность информации на сегодняшний день.

Напоследок предлагаем пройти небольшой тест по изученной лексике и грамматике.

Тест по теме «Видеоурок: учим английский и осваиваем космос»

Также мы составили файл с новой лексикой из нашей статьи. Вы можете скачать его по ссылке ниже.

(*.pdf, 318 Кб)

Надеемся, этот урок был вам полезен, вы пополнили свой словарный запас, повторили грамматику и получили порцию познавательной информации. Изучайте космос, применяя английский!

Цели урока:

Образовательные:

Урок предназначен для учеников 8 класса, изучающих английский язык на уровне Pre-Intermediate по Общеевропеской шкале уровней владения иностранным языком.

Цели урока:

Образовательные:

Развивать у учащихся умение общаться на английском языке.
Расширить словарный запас учащихся.
Развивать навыки чтения.
Продолжить формирование базы для развития письменной речи.

Развивающие:

Развивать интеллектуальные способности учащихся.
Формировать умение сравнивать и анализировать.

Воспитательные:

Развивать у учащихся самостоятельность мышления.
Формировать уважение к точке зрения одноклассников.
Развить навыки работы в группе.

В ходе урока решается ряд языковых, речевых и социокультурных задач:
а) изучить лексику по теме “Исследование космоса”;
б) создать карту понятий по теме “Исследование космоса”;
в) выполнить задание на чтение на общее понимание;
г) вспомнить основные факты по теме “Исследование космоса”;
д) обсудить, что необходимо для жизни в космосе;
е) создать проект международной космической станции.

Topic: Space and beyond.

Course book: More 4. Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks.

Info about students: 8 th form.

Lesson Objectives: By the end of the lesson students will be able:

To develop a basic knowledge of the solar system and the history of space exploration;
To understand and discuss how space exploration has influenced modern life;
To create a concept map on the topic ‘Space exploration’.
To show understanding of the text “Space and beyond” by filling in the gaps;
To explain the meaning of the word(s): weightless conditions, shuttle, satellite, oxygen, astronaut, solar system, NASA, to orbit;
To record their understanding/knowledge by creating a concept map;
To speak on the topic using a concept map;
To design the International Space Station that will make it possible for humans to stay in space permanently.

Equipment: Text “Space and beyond”; pictures with computer, photo album, mobile phone, teddy bear, sleeping bag, guitar, exercise bike.

Procedure

Pattern of interaction

Step1. Warming-up activity . The Quiz about Space.

1. How many planets move around the Sun in our Solar system? (c)

a) 5

b) 7

c) 9

2. Which planet is the largest in our Solar system? (a)

a) Jupiter

b) Venus

c) Mars

3. Which planet is the farthest from the Sun? (b)

a) Mars

b) Pluto

c) Saturn

4. Which planet is the hottest? (b)

a) Mercury

b) Venus

c)Earth

5. Who was the first astronaut to walk on the Moon? (b)

a) John Glenn

b) Neil Armstrong

c) Edward Higgins White

6. Which country had the first space station? (a)

a) Russia

b) The USA

c) Germany

7.Which is not a name of a space station? (b)

a) Mir

b) Soyuz

c)Salyut

8. What is the name of the first woman who travelled to space? (c)

a) Gagarina

b) Polyakova

c) Tereshkova

9. What did Edward Higgins White do in 1965? (a)

a) Walk in space

b) Walk on Mars

c) Walk on the Moon

10. When did the Challenger disaster happen? (b)

a) 1983

b) 1986

c)1989

T-Cl

Step 2. Pre-reading. Comment on the following statement:

“Why should we be spending money exploring space when there are so many problems here on Earth that we need to solve first?”

How far do you agree/disagree with the statement?

Why is space exploration and international topic? What are the benefits of space exploration? Discuss in pairs.

S-S

Step 3 . While reading . 1 . Here is some info on space exploration. While reading the text match the titles with the correct paragraph from the text. There is one extra title.

A ‘day’ in space?
When things go wrong
Eating in space
A message on the Moon
Paying passengers
Who owns space?

A – 5
B – 1
C – 3
D – 4
E – 2

2. Fill in the gaps in the text using the words and numbers below.

Space and Beyond

A When Denis Tito stepped out of a space shuttle in the early hours of May 6 th 1) ________, he had a big smile on his face. He had just spent seven days in space and had become the world’s first space 2) _____. He had paid $20 million dollars for his trip on the Russian Soyuz rocket. He was not the first non-astronaut in space though. In 3) ___________, the engineering company Mc Donnell Douglas gave NASA $66,000 to take Charlie Walker, a person who worked for them, on their STS-41D flight to do some 4) ________.

B A space shuttle takes 90 minutes to orbit the Earth. In these 90 minutes, daylight and night time constantly change for the astronauts. In fact, they see 16 sunsets and 16 sunrises! Altogether, 45 minutes of the journey are spent in daylight, and 45 minutes in the dark.

C Astronauts on the shuttle can choose from about 100 different food items and 50 drinks. However, a word of warning – the taste of food often changes in space and your favourite food on the ground might taste disgusting 5)__________ kilometres above the earth.

D The 6)_________ were the first to travel into space but the 7) __________ were the first to send a man to the moon. When Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon, millions were watching him on TV back home. Of course, everyone knows Armstrong was the first man on the moon. But did you know that this Apollo 11 mission left a plaque in the moon? It says, ‘Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the Moon July 1969, A.D. We came in peace for all mankind.’

E Space travel has always been a dangerous business. Two of the most tragic accidents in the last 30 years were the Challenger and Columbia space shuttle disasters. In 1986 the Challenger had only been in the sky for a minute when it exploded. In 2003 the Columbia broke up while it was re-entering the Earth’s 8) ____________. On both flights all seven members of the 9) _______ died.

A – 2001	D – Americans	G – tourist
B – 200	E – atmosphere	H – research
C – Russians	F – 1984	I – crew

Step 4. Post reading. 1. Creating a concept map. In pairs find the links between the terms using one or two words to join them.

2. Speaking. Speak about life in space using your concept map.

S-S

Step5. Problem solving . Work in pairs.

1. Here are some pictures of things a person might take with him when going to live on a space station. First, talk to each other about how important each item is to you when you are in space. Then choose three items that you wouldn’t go to space without.

S-S

Step 6. Project work . Could you get into groups, please? Make a design of the International Space station that will make it possible for humans to stay in space permanently. What will the space station look like? What will it be like to live and work in space? What problems might people face and what are the ways to avoid these problems?

Compare your ideas.

S-Gr

Step 7. Rounding-off.

1. Comments on Ss’ progress.
2. Ss’ assessment.

T-Cl

Space and Beyond.

A. When Denis Tito stepped out of a space shuttle in the early hours of May 6 th 2001, he had a big smile on his face. He had just spent seven days in space and had become the world’s first space tourist. He had paid $20 million dollars for his trip on the Russian Soyuz rocket. He was not the first non-astronaut in space though. In 1984, the engineering company Mc Donnell Douglas gave NASA $66,000 to take Charlie Walker, a person who worked for them, on their STS-41D flight to do some research.

B. A space shuttle takes 90 minutes to orbit the Earth. In these 90 minutes, Daylight and night time constantly change for the astronauts. In fact, they see 16 sunsets and 16 sunrises! Altogether, 45 minutes of the journey are spent in daylight, and 45 minutes in the dark.

C. Astronauts on the shuttle can choose from about 100 different food items and 50 drinks. However, a word of warning – the taste of food often changes in space and your favourite food on the ground might taste disgusting 200 kilometres above the earth.

D. The Russians were the first to travel into space but the Americans were the first to send a man to the moon. When Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon, millions were watching him on TV back home. Of course, everyone knows Armstrong was the first man on the moon. But did you know that this Apollo 11 mission left a plaque in the moon? It says, ‘Here men from the planet Earthfirst set foot upon the Moon July 1969, A.D. We came in peace for all mankind.’

E. Space travel has always been a dangerous business. Two of the most tragic accidents in the last 30 years were the Challenger and Columbia space shuttle disasters. In 1986 the Challenger had only been in the sky for a minute when it exploded. In 2003 the Columbia broke up while it was re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere. On bith flights all seven members of the crew died.

Список литературы:

Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks . More 4.

Урок разработан для 8-9 классов специализированных английских школ, использующих учебник О.В.Афанасьевой “Английский язык 8 класс”. Одной из тем, которую изучают учащиеся, является “The World of Science and Technology”, где обсуждается развитие науки и техники, и конечно же, компьютеры в нашей жизни (наиболее любимый раздел для современных школьников). В завершении темы идет разговор о наиболее значимом достижении современности – об исследовании космоса. И здесь всплывают некоторые пробелы в знаниях учащихся в освоениях космоса. Данный урок предоставляет основные сведения, которые должны знать ученики об исследовании космоса, помогает закрепить полученные знания и уметь рассуждать на эту тему на английском языке. Использование компьютерной программы Power Point помогает сделать урок более красочным и интересным, является хорошей мотивацией к изучению данной темы.

ЦЕЛЬ: Формирование навыков устной речи по теме “SPACE EXPLORATION”

Воспитательный аспект: Привить интерес к достижениям современной науки в освоении космоса, в особенности отечественной космонавтики

Развивающий аспект: Развитие познавательного интереса, развитие способностей к догадке, логическому изложению, способность работать с различными видами упражнений.

Учебный аспект: Контроль основных навыков и умений речевой деятельности, владение лексическим материалом.

Задачи урока:

активизировать лексику по теме
развить познавательный интерес к теме
провести практику речевой деятельности
уместно использовать современные информационные технологии на уроке (Презентация)

Оснащение урока:

1) проектор, экран, ноутбук

2) раздаточный материал

3) презентация в Power Point

LESSON “SPACE EXPLORATION”

Before you start:

What do you know about space?

Can we say that space exploration is the main part of science?

1. Read and guess what it means:

Key words: equipment observation maintain exploration technology breakthrough discovery civilization invention experiment

1.to find something: new place, fact, substance

to make, design, or think of new type of thing
the act of traveling through a place in order to find out about it
something that you notice when watching something or someone
unimportant new discovery in something you are studying especially one made after trying for a long time
the societies in the world considered as a whole
new machines, equipment, and ways of doing things that are based on modern knowledge about science and computers
to try using various ideas, methods to find out how good or effective they are
to make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before
the tools, machines, clothes that you need to do a particular job or activity

Key: 1) discovery, 2) invention, 3) exploration, 4) observation, 5) breakthrough, 6) civilisation, 7) technology, 8) experiment, 9) maintain, 10) equipment.

2. Match the combinations of words:

Key: 1- f, 2- m, 3- a, 4- j, 5- i, 6- b, 7- k, 8- c, 9- n , 10- d, 11- g, 12- e, 13- l, 14- h.

II. Listening:

1. Listen to the short articles and try to learn information:

1) Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky – the founder of astronautics in Russia, put forward several ideas about space travel. Tsiolkovsky’s idea of spaceship was based on the use of liquid fuels. His calculations were used in modern theory of cosmonautics and practical space travel.

2) Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov- is a famous scientist and founder of practical cosmonautics. He was the chief constructor of the first Earth sputniks and spaceships. Then followed rockets to the Moon, Mars, Venus.

3) The space age began on October 4, 1957. On that day, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the earth. Its capsule weighing 83.6 kilograms went into Earth orbit carrying a radio transmitter whose “bleeps” (pips) were received on the ground.

4) Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin, a Soviet air force pilot, was the first human to travel in space. The Soviet cosmonaut circled the earth on April 12, 1961. From blastoff to landing, his trip around the earth lasted 1hour and 48 minutes. The news about space flight of the Soviet cosmonaut immediately flew over the world.

5) Valentina Tershkova was the first woman-cosmonaut in the world. From June 16 until June 19, during a group flight with V.Bykovky, the spaceship “Vostok-6” piloted by Tereshkova made in 70 hours and 41 minutes 48 circuits around the earth, covering a distance of about 2 million kilometers.

When she was in space, she was there together with her “space-brother” Valery Bykovsky.

This was another great achievement – launching two spaceships at the same time.

6) In 1965 the cosmonaut Alexei Leonov went outside wearing a space suit connected to the capsule by a line which also carried his oxygen supply, becoming the first person to “walk” in space. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.

7) The gravity of Earth continually pulls on our bodies to give us weight. But if you are in a lift that is speeding downwards, you feel lighter. This effect is exaggerated in a spacecraft: as it is falling in a gravitational field, the astronauts inside it are falling at the same rate and become weightless.

2. Say true or false:

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky – the founder of astronautics in Great Britaina, put forward several ideas about space travel.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov was the chief constructor of the first telephone.
On October 4, 1967 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the earth.
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin, a Soviet air force pilot, was the first human to travel to Mars.
Valentina Tershkova was the first woman-cosmonaut in the world.
Alexei Leonov went outside wearing a space suit connected to the capsule by a line which also carried his oxygen supply, becoming the first person to “walk” in space.

Key: 1- false, 2- false, 3- false, 4- false, 5- true, 6- true.

3. Answer the questions:

Why is Tsiolkovsky considered to be the founder of astronautics?
What did he work out?
Who was S.P.Korolyov?
What did he made?
How long did his space travel last?
What did Gagarin’s flight into space mean?
What is V.Tereshkova famous for?
What distance did she cover?
What great achievement did they demonstrate?
Who the first worked in outer space?
Haw you can understand “ zero gravity”?

1. Read the text and try to get the most interesting facts for you:

SPACE EXPLORATION

Space travel is humanity’s greatest adventure – the chance to explore the moon, the planets, and the stars. The space age began on October 4, 1957. On that day, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the earth. The first manned space flight was made on April 12, 1961, when a Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited the earth in a spaceship. During the years that followed this first space expedition, many flights carried people into space.

Human beings first set foot on the moon on July 20, 1969. U.S. astronaut Neil A.Amstrong stepped out of the Apollo 11 lunar module, “Eagle”. For about two hours he and Edwin E.Aldrin explored near the module and set up experiments. During the years since the space age began, many uses for space travel have been discovered. The space age developed a huge industry called the aerospace industry to design and build space equipment. A new field of medicine called space medicine came into being to study the problems of living and working in space. Weather forecasts receive warning of storms with pictures taken by weather satellites. Telephone calls and television pictures are sent around the world by communications satellites. Signals from navigation satellites enable ship navigations and search and rescue forces to determine their positions with great accuracy. Scientific satellites and space probes discovered the Van Allen radiations belt around the earth and made many other discoveries. Earth survey satellites, used for detecting mineral deposits, diseased crops, sources of pollution, and map-making; military satellites, used mainly for reconnaissance and intelligence gathering; and astronomical satellites, which are observatories in space, orbiting above the blanketing layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. During the early years of the space age, success in space became a measure of a country’s leadership in science, engineering, and national defense. As a result, the Soviet Union and the United States competed with one another in developing their space programmers. But both nations began to realize that they could benefit from working together. In 1975, the S.U. and U.S. cooperated in their first joint space mission “Soyuz-Apollo”. The principal area of cooperation between U.S. and Soviet space programmers has been in space medicine.

People have always wanted to explore the unknown. Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards the Venus and Mars. During the years that followed this first space expedition, many flights carried people into space. There are manned and unmanned spacecraft (carry instruments and radio equipment)A reusable manned spacecraft is called a shuttle. The first astronauts were sent into space in small capsules that sat on top of rockets. These missions were expensive as the rockets could only be used once. The main parts of the Shuttle – the orbiter spacecraft, and the rocket boosters – are reusable. The orbiter returns to Earth like a plane, and can be used over and over again. The first space station, Salyut 1, was launched in 1971, and was visited by the Soyuz for 23 days.
By 1983 six more Salyut craft had been launched and cosmonauts were staying longer and longer in orbit. In 1983 and 1985 large Cosmos unmanned craft were automatically docked with Salyut 7, making it into a large space station. From the space station a detachable descent module could carry materials and experiments back to Earth.
In 1986 the Soviets launched “Mir”, the central module of a new space station far more complex than Salyut. As with Salyut, Mir was designed to receive both manned Soyuz craft and unmanned Progress cargo craft.

2. Answer the questions:

Why is the travel humanity’s greatest adventure?
When did the space age begin?
What country launched the first artificial satellite to circle the earth?
When was the first manned space flight made?
When did human beings first set foot on the moon?
What industry did the space age develop?
In what way are satellites used today?
How do nations do scientists hope to answer with the help of space exploration?
What kinds of spacecraft do you know?
Is shuttle a reusable vehicle?
Can cosmonauts live and work a long period in orbit of space station?

3. Complete the sentences using the verbs from the table:

competed, enable, developed, explored, orbited, was based, launched, receive, are transported, benefit

On that day, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ______Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the earth.
But both nations began to realize that they could _____ from working together.
As a result, the Soviet Union and the United States______ with one another in developing their space programmers.
Weather forecasts ______ warning of storms with pictures taken by weather satellites.
Signals from navigation satellites_____ ship navigations and search and rescue forces to determine their positions with great accuracy.
The space age ______ a huge industry called the aerospace industry to design and build space equipment.
For about two hours Armsrong and Aldrin______ near the module and set up experiments.
Today, American astronauts ______ into space by the Space Shuttle.
The first manned space flight was made on April 12, 1961, when a Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, ______ the earth in a spaceship.
Tsiolkovsky’s idea of spaceship_____ on the use of liquid fuels.

Key: 1- launched, 2 - benefit, 3 - competed, 4 - receive, 5 - enable, 6 - developed, 7 - explored, 8 - are transported, 9 - orbited, 10- was based.

4. Express the same in English:

Космическая эра началась с запуска первого спутника Земли.
Американские астронавты исследовали Луну и проводили эксперименты.
Спутники позволяют получать нужную для человека информацию.
Среди достижений последних лет можно отметить запуски зондов на другие планеты.
Современные космонавты месяцами живут на космических станциях и регулярно выходят в открытый космос.

IV. PRACTICE

1. Put the sentences in a chronological correct order:

The S.U. and U.S. cooperated in their first joint space mission “Soyuz-Apollo”.
U.S. astronaut Neil A.Amstrong stepped out of the Apollo 11 lunar module, “Eagle”.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the earth
A Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited the earth in a spaceship.
Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight.
A.Leonov achieved the first “space walk”
The probe was sent for exploring the Mars
Tsiolkovsky put forward several ideas about space travel
The first space station was built
The Russians actually hit the Moon with Luna 2, and Luna 3 flew round the Moon and sent back the first photographs of the far side.

Key: 1- 8, 2- 3, 3- 4, 4- 5, 5- 6, 6- 2, 7- 10, 8- 1, 9- 9, 10- 7.

2. Correct the mistakes:

Man begin to think of space travel in the second century A.D.
The famous Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei looked at his telescope and told people about the other worlds which he had seen.
The German astronomer Kepler gave a detailed description of a Moon.
The first man whom wrote about a rocket as a spaceship was the Frenchman Cyrano de Bergerac.
The French novelist Jules Verne wrote the story “From the Earth to the Moon”, in which he try show the scientific principles of space travel.
H.Wells the English author wrote “The First Men on the Moon” about a new era in the development of air travel and conquering outer spaces.

Man began to think of space travel in the second century A.D.
The famous Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei looked through his telescope and told people about the other worlds which he had seen.
The German astronomer Kepler gave a detailed description of the Moon.
The first man who wrote about a rocket as a spaceship was the Frenchman Cyrano de Bergerac.
The French novelist Jules Verne wrote the story “From the Earth to the Moon”, in which he tried to show the scientific principles of space travel.
H.Wells the English author wrote “The First Men on the Moon” about a new era in the development of air travel and conquering outer space .

3. Complete these sentences using the Subjunctive Mood and add your own sentences, combinations of words can help you:

to produce new materials in zero gravity
to live and work in orbital space cities
try to survive in critical situations
to explore outer space and other stars
to make interplanetary flights to Mars

If I were a cosmonaut…

If I lived on another planet…

If could fly to the stars…

If I worked in orbital space station…

If I landed on unknown planet…

1. Discuss and make a dialog:

What information about space exploration was the most exciting for you?
Would you like to be a cosmonaut? Why or why not?

2. Work in groups.

Take turns to ask and answer questions about our Russian space exploration.

What questions would you want to ask if you interviewed a cosmonaut?

Make the conclusion.

Imagine the lifestyle on Mars or another planet and write the article about you impressions.

If you are interested in space and space exploration, you may look also:

http://www.nasa.gov National Aeronautics and Space Administration

http://www.esa.int - European Space Agency

http://www.federalspace.ru/ Russian Space Agency

http://space.skyrocket.de/

http://www.planet4589.org/space/

http://www.spacefacts.de

http://www.space.com

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov

http://www.spacelist.org

http://www.russianspaceweb.com/

_________________________

Вся информация сопровождается слайдами (включая пункты I. 1, 2 ; II. 1,3; III 3; IV. 1) из Power Point “Space exploration” Приложение 1

Раздаточный материал.

Space Exploration (2)

Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.

On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth.

The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era.

In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.

These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.

The Soviet "«Lunokhod», automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.

Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen.

There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.

Исследование космоса (2 )

Человечество всегда мечтало преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было осуществиться.

12 апреля 1961 г. космический корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно возвратился на Землю.

Первым человеком, который преодолел силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся достижение, открыл космическую эру.

В ходе космических исследований было сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.

Это годы полетов на космических кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая американская экспедиция.

Советский «Луноход», автоматические орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию космоса.

В последнее время раздаются призывы сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.

Существует прямая зависимость между развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии.

Questions:

1. What did mankind always dream about?
2. When did this dream become reality?
3. When was the spaceship «Vostok» launched?
4. Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth?
5. As what day did the 12th of April go down in history?
6. What has there been in the course of space exploration?
7. What did this period see?
8. Enumerate the stages of manned space flight programmes.
9. What opened up a new period of space exploration?
10. What calls have there been recently?
11.Woulditbe a serious mistake to allow to reduce expenditure on space exploration?
12. What kind of link is there between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies?

Vocabulary:
on board - на борту
mankind - человечество
era - эра
in the course of - в ходе
world science and technology - мировая наука и техника
numerous - многочисленный
to enumerate - перечислять
flight - полет
was the first- to make - был первый, кто совершил
cosmonaut - космонавт
to land - приземляться
it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen - было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это
earth technologies - земные технологии
the former - первый (из двух)
tha latter - последний (из двух)
the higher... the more developed - чем выше... тем более развиты